Changing clinical and therapeutic trends in tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are characterized by a high hemorrhagic risk. We evaluated trends in outcomes and management of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas and performed a meta-analysis evaluating clinical and angiographic outcomes by treatment technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search for studies on surgical and endovascular treatment of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas. We compared the proportion of patients undergoing endovascular, surgical, and combined endovascular/surgical management; the proportion of patients presenting with ruptured tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas; and proportion of patients with good neurologic outcome across 3 time periods: 1980-1995, 1996-2005, and 2006-2014. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis, evaluating the rates of occlusion, long-term good neurologic outcome, perioperative morbidity, and resolution of symptoms for the 3 treatment modalities. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies with 274 patients were included. The proportion of patients treated with surgical treatment alone decreased from 38.7% to 20.4% between 1980-1995 and 2006-2014. The proportion of patients treated with endovascular therapy alone increased from 16.1% to 48.0%. The proportion of patients presenting with ruptured tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas decreased from 64.4% to 43.6%. The rate of good neurologic outcome increased from 80.7% to 92.9%. Complete occlusion rates were highest for patients receiving multimodality treatment (84.0%; 95% CI, 72.0%-91.0%) and lowest for endovascular treatment (71.0%; 95% CI, 56.0%-83.0%; P < .01). Long-term good neurologic outcome was highest in the endovascular group (89.0%; 95% CI, 80.0%-95.0%) and lowest for the surgical group (73.0%; 95% CI, 51.0%-87.0%; P < .03). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are increasingly presenting with unruptured lesions, being treated endovascularly, and experiencing higher rates of good neurologic outcomes. Endovascular treatment was associated with superior neurologic outcomes but lower occlusion rate

“I don’t want to look sick skinny”: Perceptions of body image and weight loss in Hispanics living with HIV in South Texas

Objective: Obesity is rising in people with HIV (PLWH) and Hispanics. Both HIV and obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Our goal is to understand perceptions of body image and lifestyle in Hispanics with HIV to adapt interventions appropriately. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 Hispanic PLWH and 6 providers. Purposive sampling selected patient participants across weights and genders. Interviews were coded and analyzed using grounded theory, comparing perspectives between patients with and without obesity, and patients and providers. Results: Participants felt obesity and diabetes were “normal” in the community. Patients exhibited understanding of healthy diet and lifestyle but felt incapable of maintaining either. Traditionally Hispanic foods were blamed for local obesity prevalence. Five patients equated weight with health and weight loss with illness, and four expressed concerns that weight loss could lead to unintentional disclosure of HIV status. Participants with overweight or obesity expressed awareness of their weight and felt shamed by providers. Providers found weight loss interventions to be ineffective. Conclusion: Interventions in this population must address identified barriers: overweight/obesity as a normative value, lack of self-efficacy, cultural beliefs surrounding food, fear of HIV-associated weight loss and stigma, and provider perspectives on intervention futility

Occurrence of Legionella in beach shower facilities

It has been analyzed 36 samples of water proceeding from beach shower facilities: 7 of these were found to be contaminated with Legionella (19.44%). In three showers, L. pneumophila 1 was reported, in two L. pneumophila 2-14; in another two cases L. pneumophila 2-14 was found together with Legionella sp. and L. pneumophila 1 together with L. pneumophila 2-14. This study, which confirms the circulation of Legionella in our region of southern Italy, extends the list of the possible sources of infection, including also public and private beaches among the contaminated sites. It is the Authors opinion that when evaluating the risk in these cases we should take into account that the crowding of the beaches in the summer months and the communal nature of shower use in these periods increases the frequency of exposure of children and old people. These vulnerable categories are significantly more likely to develop the disease once infected

The role of fluoride in the nano-heterogeneity of bioactive glasses

Fluoride-containing bioactive phospho‐silicate glasses have recently attracted interest for dental applications, particularly as remineralising additives in dentifrices, and are potentially attractive for bone regeneration, particularly in patients suffering from osteoporosis. The incorporation of fluoride into phospho­‐silicate glasses is also attractive from a structural viewpoint: Fluoride complexes modifier ions rather than binding to the silicate network, and it thereby adds a significant ionic contribution to the average character of chemical bonds in the system. Molecular dynamics simulations have suggested that this also results in the formation of nano-­eterogeneities. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the structural role of fluoride in bioactive glasses, with a particular focus on inhomogeneities on a nano-­‐scale

EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, FIRM SIZE, AND LEVERAGE ON CASH HOLDING IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

The purpose of this empirical research is to examine about the effect of profitability, firm size, and leverage on cash holding in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. The research used 67 manufacturing companies that were selected using purposive sampling method for a total of 201 data in three years. Data processing technique using multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 24.0 . The results of this research shows that all independent variables have influence on cash holding simultaneously. The partially test showed that profitability have positive and significant influence on cash holding, firm size does not significantly influence cash holding, and leverage have negative and significant influence on cash holding. Keywords:cash holding, profitability, firm size, leverag

TYPES OF IDIOMS AND STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IDIOMS IN THE NOVEL THE GIRL ON THE TRAIN BY PAULA HAWKINS

The objectives of this research are to identify the types and strategies in translating idioms used in Paula Hawkins' novel The Girl on the Train. The research methodology applied isdescriptive qualitative.The results show that the types of idioms (ODell and McCarthy 2010)found in the novel are similes, binomials, proverbs, euphemisms, cliché, and fixed statement and other language. Using the theory by Baker (2011), the idioms in the novel are mainly translated using the strategy; translation by phrase. Other strategies that are also applied are using idioms of similar meanings but dissimilar forms, using idioms of singular and form, translating by omission of entire idioms, and borrowing the source language. Keywords: Idioms; Translation Strategy

Random walks and search in time-varying networks

The random walk process underlies the description of a large number of real world phenomena. Here we provide the study of random walk processes in time varying networks in the regime of time-scale mixing; i.e. when the network connectivity pattern and the random walk process dynamics are unfolding on the same time scale. We consider a model for time varying networks created from the activity potential of the nodes, and derive solutions of the asymptotic behavior of random walks and the mean first passage time in undirected and directed networks. Our findings show striking differences with respect to the well known results obtained in quenched and annealed networks, emphasizing the effects of dynamical connectivity patterns in the definition of proper strategies for search, retrieval and diffusion processes in time-varying network

Assessment of preference Liriomyza spp. in different chickpea genotypes and effect of Melia azedarach L. extract : preliminary results

En Argentina se están desarrollando genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) para adecuarlos a las distintas zonas de producción. Estos presentan diferentes fenotipos lo que podría afectar las preferencias de oviposición de los insectos herbívoros de hábito minador. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) determinar si las hembras del género Liriomyza spp. muestran preferencia por algún genotipo de garbanzo, y 2) evaluar el efecto del extracto de Melia azedarach sobre las líneas de garbanzo que resultaran susceptibles. Se sembraron dos líneas selectas y dos cultivares de C. arietinum que presentan hojas unifoliadas enteras o compuestas, en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Para analizar la preferencia, mediante censos semanales se evaluó la presencia de las larvas de las moscas en el período julio-septiembre. Los dípteros eligieron de manera significativa los genotipos de hoja entera y grande. Posteriormente, las plantas con hojas minadas de las variedades preferidas fueron sometidas a tratamiento con el extracto botánico. Para ello se marcaron cinco plantas de cada bloque: a 15 se les aplicó extracto (10%) y a las otras 15 agua (control). Se observó que el número de hojas minadas, de pupas y adultos emergidos disminuyeron en los tratamientos con el extracto. Estudios complementarios serán necesarios para poder considerar este compuesto natural en un plan de manejo del herbívoro.In Argentina several genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) have been developed to be cropped in environmentally different production areas. These have different phenotypes which could affect oviposition preferences of the behavior of leafminer. The aims of this study were two-fold: 1) to determine if leafminer Liriomyza spp. has a preference for any chickpea genotype, and 2) to evaluate the insecticide effect of Melia azedarach extracts on susceptible genotypes. Two selected lines and two cultivars of C. arietinum were planted in the experimental field of the FCA, UNC, in randomized blocks with three replications. Through weekly surveys, the preference of the flies in the period from July to September was determined by recording their presence in plants. The leafminer significantly choice the genotype with entire and large leaves. Subsequently, they were treated with botanical extracts by selecting five plants on each block: fifteen of them were treated with a 10% M. azederach extract and the other fifteen only with water (control). Number of mined leaves, pupae and emerged adults decreased after the treatment with the extract. Additional studies are needed to consider this natural compound in a management plan for the herbivore.Fil: Ávalos, Delia S.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola.Fil: Ricobelli, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba.Fil: Palacios, Sara M.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Laboratorio de Química Fina y Productos Naturales.Fil: Defagó, María T.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba